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Con gli Occhi di un Quarterback: Le Caratteristiche dei Grandi Interpreti del Ruolo

Posted on by Travis Brody
Denver Broncos quarterback and futer Hall of Famer John Elway stiff-arming Falcons linebacker Cornelius Bennett during Super Bowl XXXIII in Miami. (AP Photo/Doug Mills)
John Elway, quarterback dei Denver Broncos e membro della Hall of Fame, mentre esegue uno stiff-arm su Cornelius Bennett, linebacker degli Atlanta Falcons, durante il XXXIII Super Bowl giocato a Miami. (AP Photo/Doug Mills)
[TranslatedArticlesChild]

Di: Travis Brody
Traduzione a cura di: Enrico Brazzi
A cura di: Valentina Ferrara

 

Don Klosterman, leggendario general manager dei Colts e dei Rams, potrebbe aver detto la cosa più giusta quando consigliò a Ernie Accorsi, ex general manager dei Giants, di “non valutare un quarterback nello stesso modo in cui valuti gli altri 21 giocatori. I quarterback giocano a uno altro sport, e sono le cose che non puoi mettere nero su bianco che fanno la differenza”.

Quello del quarterback è un ruolo unico non solo nel football, ma in tutto lo sport. Richiede qualità fisiche particolari, e soprattutto un particolare temperamento che è raro trovare ed è difficile da quantificare. Come disse Klosterman: “sono le cose che non puoi mettere nero su bianco che fanno la differenza”. Ma quali sono queste qualità che non si possono misurare?

Partiamo da quella che forse è la più quantificabile. In tutti gli anni in cui ho giocato, allenato e frequentato l’ambiente del football, non ho mai incontrato un quarterback privo d’intelligenza. Ho incontrato o allenato giocatori che non avevano i voti migliori a scuola, ma il rendimento accademico non è necessariamente il miglior indice di intelligenza di una persona. I quarterback devono avere la capacità mentale per capire gli schemi dell’attacco e della difesa. Devono comprendere gli assegnamenti di ogni giocatore dell’attacco per ogni schema e saper leggere una difesa per identificarne punti forti e punti deboli. In tutto questo il quarterback deve anche eseguire il suo assegnamento, che sia dare un hand-off o lanciare la palla, in maniera impeccabile, per far sì che lo schema riesca.

In NFL, la cosa che più si avvicina a un test di intelligenza è il Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test. Ogni anno, i candidati al draft hanno 12 minuti per rispondere alle 50 domande del test, che valuta le capacità di apprendimento e di problem-solving di un giocatore. Il punteggio medio è 20, mentre la media per i quarterback è 24. Tuttavia, alcuni quarterback hanno raggiunto un punteggio molto sopra la media, per esempio Alex Smith (40), Eli Manning (39), Colin Kaepernik (38), Matt Stafford (38), Andrew Luck (37), Tony Romo (37), Aaron Rodgers (35) e Tom Brady (33). I 20 quarterback col miglior rating del 2014 hanno preso almeno 25. Un quarterback titolare (Ryan Fitzpatrick, di Houston) ha il terzo miglior punteggio di sempre, con 48. È giusto dire che l’intelligenza è una caratteristica fondamentale per essere un buon quarterback.

Poi ci sono quelle qualità che non possono essere quantificate: carattere, leadership, fiducia in sé stessi, atteggiamento positivo e determinazione. Il quarterback deve essere il leader della squadra in ogni momento, deve prendersi la responsabilità per le sconfitte e condividerla nelle vittorie, e deve essere il giocatore che si impegna di più. Se viene colpito forte, deve rialzarsi. Se si fa male, deve stringere i denti. Deve sempre credere che la squadra possa vincere e condividere questa idea con il resto della squadra. Tutte queste qualità portano a una cosa: i tuoi compagni devono credere in te.

Da un punto di vista fisico, la precisione nei lanci è la caratteristica più importante di un buon quarterback, anche se spesso viene sottovalutata. In passato, molti scout e general manager della NFL hanno commesso l’errore di valutare un giocatore in base all’aspetto fisico piuttosto che sulla sua capacità di interpretare il ruolo. Tim Tebow, un giocatore che aveva tutte le caratteristiche intangibili di un grande quarterback, non aveva la precisione necessaria per giocare in NFL. Al contrario, quarterback come Drew Brees e Michael Vick sono riusciti a superare i propri limiti fisici (entrambi sono alti circa 182 cm) grazie alla loro incredibile precisione.

Il secondo fattore fisico necessario per un quarterback è la capacità di lettura. Il quarterback deve essere in grado di leggere la copertura difensiva prima dello snap, anticipare la pressione, e trovare il ricevitore libero seguendo la progressione di lettura. Questo è l’aspetto più importante a cui i quarterback devono abituarsi quando passano dal football universitario al football professionistico, e la maggior parte non ci riesce. Al college il gioco è leggermente più lento, i ricevitori hanno spesso più talento rispetto ai defensive back e i sistemi di attacco e di difesa sono meno complessi. Solitamente i quarterback molto atletici possono dominare a questo livello, mentre tra i professionisti la disparità di talento è minima. I defensive back marcano meglio i ricevitori, di conseguenza la finestra in cui lanciare la palla è più piccola, l’azione è più veloce quindi il tempo per reagire è minore, e i linebacker e le linee di difesa sono più grossi, più forti e più atletici. Matt Leinart, che ha giocato nei Cardinals, nei Texans e nei Raiders, è stato un ottimo quarterback a livello di college, ma non è riuscito ad adattarsi al football professionistico. A USC, allenato da Pete Carroll, Leinart ha giocato ad alti livelli, vincendo due campionati alla guida di una delle squadre più talentuose della storia del football universitario. Tuttavia non è mai riuscito ad adattarsi alla velocità di gioco della NFL e ha sempre avuto difficoltà a trovare i ricevitori liberi. La sua precisione e il suo essere leader l’hanno portato solo fino a un certo punto, e alla fine la sua carriera si è spenta dopo solo qualche anno nella lega. Giocatori come Tom Brady e Peyton Manning sono i migliori in questa fase di gioco: seguono la progressione di lettura per trovare il ricevitore libero. Questa è una delle qualità che separa i buoni quarterback dai grandi quarterback.

La rapidità di piedi è un altra caratteristica che può separare i grandi quarterback dagli altri. Drew Brees ha un’eccellente rapidità di piedi, e per questo ha più possibilità di muoversi nella tasca rispetto ad altri quarterback. Drew Bledsoe e Ryan Leaf (che casualmente hanno studiato entrambi a Washington State) non avevano una gran rapidità di piedi quando giocavano e questo li ha intralciati durante le loro carriere.

Anche la forza del braccio è una caratteristica fondamentale, ma non la più importante. Quarterback come Peyton Manning e Alex Smith eccellono nonostante abbiano un braccio mediocre, mentre Jay Cutler e Matthew Stafford stanno avendo un modesto successo nonostante abbiano un braccio fenomenale. I buoni giocatori possono ovviare alla mancanza di forza con una meccanica di lancio stabile, una buona rapidità di piedi, e una buona rotazione dell’anca. Avere un braccio forte può aiutare, ma si può trovare una soluzione per rimediare a un braccio più debole.

L’altezza e il peso sono importanti, ma un quarterback può essere troppo basso o troppo alto, troppo pesante o troppo leggero. Quasi tutti i quarterback NFL stanno tra i 182 cm e i 198 cm, e pesano tra i 94 e i 111 chili. Se un quarterback rientra in queste misure, ha il fisico giusto per giocare in NFL. È più difficile vedere oltre la linea d’attacco se si è troppo bassi, mentre essere troppo alti può significare una minor agilità. Forza e resistenza agli impatti sono limitate se si è troppo magri, mentre essere troppo pesanti rende meno mobili. Si può fare in modo che altezza e peso non diventino un problema, ma un quarterback di dimensioni atipiche deve compensare in altri modi, per esempio con il braccio, la rapidità di piedi, la precisione, ecc.

Infine, c’è la capacità di correre, che è un vantaggio quanto uno svantaggio. È utile nel breve termine ed è un’ottima arma da avere nell’arsenale, ma correre troppo spesso aumenta i rischi di infortunio. Di solito il quarterback è il giocatore più importante, quindi chiamare degli schemi di corsa disegnati per lui o forzarlo a uscire in scramble equivale a scherzare col fuoco, e prima o poi si rischia di bruciarsi.

A ogni modo, le capacità mentali di un quarterback sono più importanti delle sue caratteristiche fisiche. Nel dubbio, è sufficiente analizzare le carriere di Tom Brady, Peyton Manning, Jay Cutler e Michael Vick. Si può dire che Cutler e Vick siano i quarterback più talentuosi della NFL. Ma in due non hanno mai vinto un Super Bowl e sono stati ai playoff solo 5 volte (Cutler solo una). Brady e Manning hanno giocato in tutto 8 Super Bowl (Brady ne ha vinti 3, Manning 1) e sono stati ai playoff 26 volte. Perché Manning e Brady hanno avuto più successo di Cutler e Vick? Una parola sola: carattere. I compagni credono in loro, li rispettano e sanno che combatteranno a ogni azione. Nei momenti decisivi della partita, sanno che sarà il quarterback a risolvere la situazione. Al contrario, Cutler ha la reputazione di essere un musone, di fare decisioni sbagliate in campo e di mancare di entusiasmo, mentre Vick è stato criticato per anni per mancanza di impegno, scarsa disciplina e arroganza. Questi fattori hanno ampiamente separato Brady e Manning da Vick e Cutler, nonostante gli ultimi due siano superiori dal punto di vista atletico.

Quando un giocatore riesce ad arrivare in NFL, è chiaro che ha le caratteristiche fisiche per farcela. Per quanto riguarda i quarterback sono però le qualità intangibili che fanno la differenza e che separano i grandi giocatori da quelli mediocri. I più grandi quarterback non sono stati necessariamente quelli con più talento: è il carattere che li distingue dagli altri.

 

Speriamo che questo articolo ti abbia aiutato a capire meglio l’importanza del ruolo del quarterback. Vorresti aggiungere qualcosa? Condividi le nostre valutazioni? Scrivicelo nei commenti.

Travis Brody

Travis is the founder and main contributor of The Growth of a Game. A former quarterback from Southern California and current sports executive, Travis developed a passion for advancing the game of American football in Europe during his three seasons as a player and coach for the Brussels Bulls. He's now the President of Premier Class Consulting, a consulting firm that specializes in strengthening sports teams and organizations of all levels.

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